may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance PROSTAGLANDIN AGONIST reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous fluid before and after ocular surgery to reduce IOP osmotic diuretic adverse effects nausea, vomiting, headaches RESULT - reduced volume of intracullar fluid, thus reduced IOP glycerin osmotic diuretic that is usually tried first mannitol used if glycerin is unsuccessful only under extreme circumstances osmotic diuretic indications -acute glaucoma episodes water is forced from aqueous and vitreous humors into blood create ocular hypotension by producing an osmotic gradient pts with sulfa allergies may develop cross allergies OSMOTIC DIURETICS Goal - reduce IOP inhibits carbonic anhydrase, resulting in decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor formation dorzolamide (Trusopt) treat open angled and angle closure glaucoma - inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrous, resulting in decreased aqueous humor formation what is a common suffix for diuretics? -amide carbonic anhydrase inhibitor adverse effects oral forms can cause systemic effects - drowsiness, confusion, transient myopia, tinnitus, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, some systemic effects (mostly caused by nonselective beta blockers) - headache, dizziness, cardiac irregulations, bronchospasm (blocking beta 2 receptors) Beta-Adrenergic Blocker ***Administration of systemic beta blockers with high doses of ophthalmic beta blockers may result in additive effects*** CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS weak diuretic used in glaucoma to reduce IOP ![]() can treat some forms of closed angle glaucoma Beta-Adrenergic Blocker adverse effects -primarily ocular effects - transient burning and discomfort,blurred vision, pain, photophobia (non selective beta 1 and beta 2 blocker) used to treat open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension what is the suffix that indicates a beta blocker? -olol Beta-Adrenergic Blocker indications -reduce elevated IOP (chronic open angle glaucoma and hypertension) (selective beta 1 blocker) treatment for open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension non selective Beta 1 and Beta 2 blockers timolol (Timoptic)īeta 2 blocker - bronchoconstriction timolol (Timioptic) by blocking beta 1, you decrease CO and HR betaxolol (Betoptic) ![]() selective blockers work directly at heart do NOT affect accommodation, pupil size or night visionĢ types: selective and non selective selective Beta 1 blocker betaxolol (Betoptic) Rare effects - hypertension, tachycardia, extra systoles, headache, faintness BETA ANDRENERGIC BLOCKERS -reduce IOP by reducing aqueous humor formation Reduction of ocular hypertension sympathomimetic adverse effects Mostly ocular - burning, eye pain, lacrimation Sympathomimetic indications chronic, open angle glaucome (reduce IOP)
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